America’s Options in Afghanistan

The Moscow Format on Afghanistan met on October 7, 2025 and included Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Afghan Taliban's acting Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi. Photo credit: Russian Foreign Ministry/Handout via REUTERS.

Four years have passed since the United States withdrew in chaos from Afghanistan, abandoning important projects, leaving behind billions of dollars of equipment and handing the Taliban many other assets in that country. The Taliban still rule Afghanistan. They face a mountain of unresolved problems yet are ready to employ as much force as necessary […]